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Geothermal Heat Pumps

Tap into the earth's constant temperature for ultra-efficient heating and cooling. Geothermal systems offer the lowest operating costs and longest lifespan of any HVAC technology.

Quick Stats

Average System Cost

Including installation and ground loop

$20,000-$40,000

Payback Period

Faster with high heating costs

5-10 years

Efficiency (COP)

300-600% efficient

3.0-6.0

System Lifespan

Indoor unit: 25 yrs, Loop: 50+ yrs

25-50+ years

Annual Savings

vs conventional HVAC

$800-$1,500

How Geothermal Works

Leveraging the earth's constant temperature for year-round comfort

Winter Heating

Ground temperature stays at 45-75°F even when air is freezing

  1. 1Antifreeze solution circulates through ground loop
  2. 2Absorbs heat from warmer earth
  3. 3Returns to heat pump with collected heat
  4. 4Heat pump concentrates and amplifies heat
  5. 5Warm air distributed throughout home
Summer Cooling

Ground stays cool even when outside air is hot

  1. 1Heat pump extracts heat from home air
  2. 2Transfers heat to ground loop fluid
  3. 3Hot fluid circulates to ground loop
  4. 4Earth absorbs excess heat
  5. 5Cooled fluid returns to continue cycle

Key Advantage: Because ground temperature remains constant year-round (45-75°F), geothermal systems maintain consistent efficiency regardless of outside air temperature. Unlike air-source heat pumps that struggle in extreme cold or heat, geothermal performance stays optimal.

Why Choose Geothermal?

The most efficient HVAC technology available

Exceptional Efficiency

300-600% efficient (COP of 3-6). For every unit of electricity used, you get 3-6 units of heating or cooling.

Lowest Operating Costs

Save 30-60% on heating and cooling costs compared to conventional systems. Typical savings of $800-$1,500 annually.

Longest Lifespan

Indoor equipment lasts 25+ years, ground loop lasts 50+ years. Many systems outlive the home itself.

Works in Any Climate

Unlike air source systems, efficiency remains constant because ground temperature stays 45-75°F year-round.

Minimal Environmental Impact

Reduces carbon emissions by 40-70% compared to fossil fuel heating. No combustion, no carbon monoxide risk.

Superior Comfort

Provides even, consistent temperatures throughout your home with no hot or cold spots. Quiet operation.

Ground Loop Types

Choose the right configuration for your property

Vertical Closed-Loop

$$$

Best for: Limited land area

4-6 boreholes, 150-400 ft deep each

Advantages

  • Most efficient option
  • Smallest land footprint (500-1500 sq ft)
  • Works in any soil type
  • Minimal landscape disruption

Considerations

  • Highest installation cost
  • Requires drilling equipment
  • Need multiple boreholes for larger homes

Horizontal Closed-Loop

$$

Best for: Adequate open land

Trenches 4-6 ft deep, 100-400 ft long

Advantages

  • Lower installation cost than vertical
  • Easier to install in suitable areas
  • Good efficiency
  • No deep drilling required

Considerations

  • Requires 1/4 to 3/4 acre of land
  • More landscape disruption during install
  • Efficiency varies with soil moisture
  • Can be affected by drought

Pond/Lake Loop

$

Best for: Property with water body

Coils at 8-10 ft depth in 1/2+ acre pond

Advantages

  • Lowest installation cost
  • Excellent efficiency
  • Minimal site disruption
  • Easy maintenance access

Considerations

  • Requires suitable water body nearby
  • Water must be deep enough (8+ ft)
  • Need access rights to water
  • May require permits

Open-Loop

$$

Best for: Properties with well/aquifer

Uses existing well or requires new well

Advantages

  • Excellent efficiency
  • Lower equipment cost
  • Simpler installation
  • Good for large buildings

Considerations

  • Requires adequate groundwater
  • Water quality must be suitable
  • May need discharge well
  • Potential water rights issues
  • Not allowed in some areas

System Components

What makes up a complete geothermal system

Heat Pump Unit

Indoor equipment that circulates refrigerant and conditions air

  • Water-to-air or water-to-water configuration
  • Variable speed compressors for efficiency
  • Typically installed in basement or utility room
  • Includes backup electric heat for extreme conditions

Ground Loop

Underground pipe system that exchanges heat with the earth

  • Vertical loops: 150-400 ft deep boreholes
  • Horizontal loops: 4-6 ft deep trenches
  • Pond/lake loops: coils submerged in water body
  • High-density polyethylene pipes, 50+ year life

Heat Exchanger

Transfers heat between ground loop and refrigerant

  • Highly efficient heat transfer mechanism
  • Allows refrigerant and antifreeze to remain separate
  • Minimal pressure loss for optimal performance
  • Requires periodic maintenance but very durable

Distribution System

Delivers conditioned air or water throughout home

  • Forced-air ductwork (most common)
  • Radiant floor heating (highest comfort)
  • Fan coil units in individual rooms
  • Can integrate with existing HVAC distribution

Common Questions

Everything you need to know about geothermal

How does a geothermal heat pump heat and cool?

In heating mode, the system extracts heat from the ground (which stays 45-75°F year-round) and concentrates it to warm your home. In cooling mode, it removes heat from your home and transfers it into the cooler ground. The earth acts as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer, providing stable, efficient operation year-round.

How much does installation cost?

Total installation typically costs $20,000-$40,000 for a typical 3-4 ton system. Vertical closed-loop systems are most expensive ($25,000-$40,000) due to drilling costs. Horizontal loops are $20,000-$30,000. Pond loops are cheapest at $18,000-$25,000. A 30% federal tax credit is available, reducing net cost significantly.

What maintenance is required?

Very little. The ground loop requires virtually no maintenance and has a 50+ year life. Indoor equipment needs annual filter changes and periodic professional inspections (similar to conventional HVAC). Total annual maintenance costs are typically $200-$400. There are no outdoor units to weather or maintain.

Can geothermal be installed in any home?

Almost any home can accommodate geothermal, but installation is easiest during new construction. Retrofits require adequate land for ground loops and may need ductwork modifications. Vertical loops work on small properties. The main requirements are: sufficient land or drilling access, suitable soil/rock conditions, and adequate space for indoor equipment.

How long is the payback period?

Typically 5-10 years depending on local energy costs, climate, and replaced system efficiency. Homes replacing propane, oil, or electric resistance heat see fastest payback. When factoring in the 30% federal tax credit and longer 25+ year lifespan, geothermal offers excellent lifetime ROI despite higher upfront cost.

Is Geothermal Right for You?

Geothermal works best in these situations

✓ Excellent Candidates

  • New construction or major renovation
  • High heating/cooling costs (>$2,000/year)
  • Adequate land for ground loops
  • Replacing old/inefficient HVAC system
  • Planning to stay in home 10+ years
  • Want lowest lifetime operating costs
  • Prioritize environmental impact

⚠ May Want Alternatives

  • Limited budget (<$20,000)
  • Very small property (no room for loops)
  • Planning to move within 5 years
  • Rocky terrain preventing drilling
  • Already have efficient HVAC (<5 years old)
  • Low heating/cooling costs (<$1,000/year)
  • Cannot accommodate indoor equipment

Professional Assessment Required: Every property is unique. A site evaluation by a certified geothermal installer will determine soil conditions, loop requirements, system sizing, and provide accurate cost estimates. Most offer free assessments.

Ready to Go Geothermal?

Calculate your savings or get a professional site assessment